Pollution Prevention and Control Technology for Plating Operations
—Second Edition—

George C. Cushnie Jr.
CAI Resources, Inc.

Table of Contents

1. P2 Technology for Common Metal Finishing Processes
   1. Introduction
   2. Rinsing
   3. Alkaline Cleaning
   4. Acid Dipping and Pickling
   5. Anodizing
   6. Cadmium Plating
   7. Copper Plating
   8. Decorative Chromium Plating
   9. Electroless Nickel Plating
   10. Hard Chromium Plating
   11. Nickel Plating
   12. Tin and Tin-Lead Plating
   13. Zinc Plating
   14. Other Metal Finishing Processes
2. Overview of Project Results
   1. Description of Project
   2. Overview of Users Survey Results
   3. Future Survey Efforts of the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences
3. General Waste Reduction Practices
   1. Introduction
   2. Pollution Prevention and Source Control
   3. Good Operating Practices
   4. Drag-Out Reduction
   5. Rinse Water Reduction
   6. Reuse of Treated Wastewater
   7. Closed-Loop Processing and Zero Discharge
   8. Other Rinsing Information
   9. Summary of General Waste Reduction Practices
4. Chemical Recovery
   1. Introduction
   2. Atmospheric Evaporators
   3. Vacuum Evaporators
   4. Ion Exchange
   5. Electrowinning
   6. Electrodialysis
   7. Reverse Osmosis
   8. Meshpad Mist Eliminators
5. Chemical Solution Maintenance
   1. Introduction
   2. Commonly Applied Preventative and Corrective Bath Maintenance Techniques
   3. Microfiltration
   4. Ion Exchange
   5. Acid Sorption
   6. Ion Transfer
   7. Membrane Electrolysis
   8. Diffusion Dialysis
6. Substitute Technologies
   1. Introduction
   2. Product Changes
   3. Chlorinated Solvents Use Reduction/Elimination
   4. Cyanide Use Reduction/Elimination
   5. Cadmium Use Reduction/Elimination
   6. Chromium Use Reduction/Elimination
   7. Other Chemical Substitutions
7. Wastewater Treatment
   1. Introduction
   2. Conventional Treatment Technologies
   3. Costs of Conventional Wastewater Treatment
   4. End-of-Pipe Treatment System Data from the Users Survey
   5. Alternative Technologies for Metals Removal
8. Off-Site Metals Recycling
   1. Introduction
   2. Availability of Metals Recycling Services
   3. Off-Site Metals Recovery Processes
   4. Waste Characteristics Requirements
   5. Off-Site Recycling Costs
9. NCMS/NAMF Survey Data for End-of-Pipe Equipment (not available on-line)
10. List of Abbreviations
11. References